In addition, the other potential application of lipid nanoparticles is gene therapy. Gene therapy has the potential to treat a broad range of illnesses brought on by genetic mutations. Despite extensive and varied research in the field, gene therapy has traditionally only been used to treat a very small number of patients, and even fewer have been successfully cured. Gene therapy—as well as all of biology—has been transformed since the invention of the genetic modification method known as CRISPR-Cas9 in 2012. It has just started being used in clinical trials to treat some human illnesses. It was recently reported that scientists had developed a new delivery system based on lipid nanoparticles for CRISPR-Cas9 that could greatly enhance the efficiency of in vivo gene therapy.